617 research outputs found
Pattern orientation in finite domains without boundaries
We investigate the orientation of nonlinear stripe patterns in finite
domains. Motivated by recent experiments, we introduce a control parameter drop
from supercritical inside a domain to subcritical outside without boundary
conditions at the domain border. As a result, stripes align perpendicular to
shallow control parameter drops. For steeper drops, non-adiabatic effects lead
to a surprising orientational transition to parallel stripes with respect to
the borders. We demonstrate this effect in terms of the Brusselator model and
generic amplitude equations
Systematic extension of the Cahn-Hilliard model for motility-induced phase separation
We consider a continuum model for motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) of
active Brownian particles [J. Chem. Phys. 142, 224149 (2015)]. Using a recently
introduced perturbative analysis [Phys. Rev. E 98, 020604(R) (2018)], we show
that this continuum model reduces to the classic Cahn-Hilliard (CH) model near
the onset of MIPS. This makes MIPS another example of the so-called active
phase separation. We further introduce a generalization of the perturbative
analysis to the next higher order. This results in a generic higher order
extension of the CH model for active phase separation. Our analysis establishes
the mathematical link between the basic mean-field MIPS model on the one hand,
and the leading order and extended CH models on the other hand. Comparing
numerical simulations of the three models, we find that the leading order CH
model agrees nearly perfectly with the full continuum model near the onset of
MIPS. We also give estimates of the control parameter beyond which the higher
order corrections become relevant and compare the extended CH model to recent
phenomenological models.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Periodic patterns displace active phase separation
In this work we identify and investigate a novel bifurcation in conserved
systems. This secondary bifurcation stops active phase separation in its
nonlinear regime. It is then either replaced by an extended, system-filling,
spatially periodic pattern or, in a complementary parameter region, by a novel
hybrid state with spatially alternating homogeneous and periodic states. The
transition from phase separation to extended spatially periodic patterns is
hysteretic. We show that the resulting patterns are multistable, as they show
stability beyond the bifurcation for different wavenumbers belonging to a
wavenumber band. The transition from active phase separation to the hybrid
states is continuous. Both transition scenarios are systems-spanning phenomena
in particle conserving systems. They are predicted with a generic dissipative
model introduced in this work. Candidates for specific systems, in which these
generic secondary transitions are likely to occur, are, for example,
generalized models for motility-induced phase separation in active Brownian
particles, models for cell division or chemotactic systems with conserved
particle dynamics.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
Can policies improve language vitality? The Sámi languages in Sweden and Norway
Introduction: Language policies are often aimed at changing language behaviours, yet it is notoriously difficult to assess their effects. This study investigates language use and competence in the Indigenous Sámi populations of Norway and Sweden in light of the national-level policies the two countries have adopted.
Methods: We provide a cross-country comparison of relevant educational, linguistic and budgetary policies in Sweden and Norway. Next, we present novel data from a survey with 5,416 Sámi and non-Sámi participants in 20 northern municipalities, examining Sámi language use and proficiencies across generations and contexts. Lexical proficiency in North Sámi was tested in a small subset of participants.
Results: Sámi language use has dropped considerably over the past three generations. Only a small proportion of Sámi are highly fluent and use a Sámi language with their children (around 4% in Sweden and 11% in Norway). One fifth of Sámi adults use a Sámi language at least ‘occasionally’, and use is most common in the home context. Sámi language knowledge remains negligible in the majority population.
Discussion: The higher levels of language use and proficiency in Norway seem at least in part to reflect the more favourable policies adopted there. In both countries, more work is needed to increase speaker numbers, also in the majority population
Program for sound generation based on image color spectrum with using the recurrent neural network
This work is devoted to development and approbation of the program for sound generation based on image color spectrum with using the recurrent neural network. The work contains a description of the transition between color and music characteristics, the rationale for choosing and the description of a recurrent neural network. The choices of the neural network implementation technology as well as the results of the experiment are described
Long-Term Profile Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei with Double-Peaked Balmer Emission Lines
An increasing number of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) exhibit broad,
double-peaked Balmer emission lines,which represent some of the best evidence
for the existence of relatively large-scale accretion disks in AGNs. A set of
20 double-peaked emitters have been monitored for nearly a decade in order to
observe long-term variations in the profiles of the double-peaked Balmer lines.
Variations generally occur on timescales of years, and are attributed to
physical changes in the accretion disk. Here we characterize the variability of
a subset of seven double-peaked emitters in a model independent way. We find
that variability is caused primarily by the presence of one or more discrete
"lumps" of excess emission; over a timescale of a year (and sometimes less)
these lumps change in amplitude and shape, but the projected velocity of these
lumps changes over much longer timescales (several years). We also find that
all of the objects exhibit red peaks that are stronger than the blue peak at
some epochs and/or blueshifts in the overall profile, contrary to the
expectations for a simple, circular accretion disk model, thus emphasizing the
need for asymmetries in the accretion disk. Comparisons with two simple models,
an elliptical accretion disk and a circular disk with a spiral arm, are unable
to reproduce all aspects of the observed variability, although both account for
some of the observed behaviors. Three of the seven objects have robust
estimates of the black hole masses. For these objects the observed variability
timescale is consistent with the expected precession timescale for a spiral
arm, but incompatible with that of an elliptical accretion disk. We suggest
that with the simple modification of allowing the spiral arm to be fragmented,
many of the observed variability patterns could be reproduced.Comment: 74 pages, 4 tables, 35 figure
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